Overview
A large evergreen tree with attractive corrugated bark which develops a massive rounded head of branches, the ends of which become pendent with age. Especially useful in coastal plantings.
 
Description
Native to the Mediterranean region, Holm Oak is one of the few evergreen oaks growing in Britain today. Its dark green leaves resemble those of a holly, and its resilience to salt spray makes it ideal for coastal plantings – it often naturalises next to the sea.

Planting Position
Thrives in any well-drained soil. Particularly good for coastal planting. Not recommended for coldest areas of inland UK, grows best in southern Britain. Tolerant of shade.

Size
Growth rate: Slow
Final Height: 28m
Final Spread: 8m or more

Foliage & Flowers
The dark green leaves are exceptionally variable in size, shape and texture. Young leaves are spiny, older leaves are smoother. White woolly new shoots and pendent yellow catkins emerge in June. Acorns appear in autumn.

Plant Interest
Use as a shelter belt in coastal areas to protect more tender trees from the elements. Holm Oak is not as valuable to wildlife as native English and Sessile Oaks, but its catkins provide a source of pollen for bees and other insects, while its dense, evergreen canopy offers year-round shelter for birds.

Landscape Use
Ornamental trees, especially in parkland and large gardens. Makes a magnificent rigid hedge resistant to sea winds. Responds well to clipping.

Uses
Holm Oak timber is incredibly hard and strong. The Romans used the wood for making the wheels of carts and carriages, as well as agricultural tools, and the bark for tanning. Today it is sometimes used for firewood as it is slow and long lasting. Holm Oak acorns are used to feed pigs reared for Serrano ham.